Bismuth
POST-TRANSITION METAL · GROUP 15 · PERIOD 6
83
Bi
Bismuth
208.98
Atomic Data
| Atomic Number | 83 |
| Symbol | Bi |
| Atomic Weight | 208.98 u |
| Density (STP) | 9.747 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 271.4 °C (544.55 K) |
| Boiling Point | 1563.85 °C (1837 K) |
| Electronegativity | 2.02 (Pauling) |
| Electron Config. | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p3 |
| Oxidation States | +3, +5 |
| Phase at STP | Solid |
| Category | Post-Transition Metal |
| Period / Group | 6 / 15 |
| CAS Number | 7440-69-9 |
Electron Configuration
{{BOHR_SVG}}
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
| Shell | n | Subshell | Electrons | Cumulative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| K | 1 | 1s | 2 | 2 |
| L | 2 | 2s | 2 | 4 |
| L | 2 | 2p | 6 | 10 |
| M | 3 | 3s | 2 | 12 |
| M | 3 | 3p | 6 | 18 |
| M | 3 | 3d | 10 | 28 |
| N | 4 | 4s | 2 | 30 |
| N | 4 | 4p | 6 | 36 |
| N | 4 | 4d | 10 | 46 |
| N | 4 | 4f | 14 | 60 |
| O | 5 | 5s | 2 | 62 |
| O | 5 | 5p | 6 | 68 |
| O | 5 | 5d | 10 | 78 |
| P | 6 | 6s | 2 | 80 |
| P | 6 | 6p | 3 | 83 |
| Total | 83 | 83 | ||
Isotopes of Bismuth
Bismuth is monoisotopic — ²⁰⁹Bi is its only naturally occurring stable isotope, accounting for 100% of all natural Bismuth.
| Isotope | Symbol | Protons | Neutrons | Abundance | Stability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bismuth-209 | ²⁰⁹Bi | 83 | 126 | 100 | Stable |
Abundance & Occurrence
Bismuth is present in Earth's crust at approximately 0.025 ppm by mass and at approximately 0.007 ppm by mass throughout the universe.
Earth's Crust (ppm by mass)
Bismuth
0.025 ppm
Silicon (ref.)
277,000 ppm
Oxygen (ref.)
461,000 ppm
Universe (ppm by mass)
Bismuth
0.007 ppm
Helium (ref.)
230,000 ppm
Hydrogen (ref.)
739,000 ppm
Discovery & History
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Safety & Handling
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Bismuth in the Real World
Real-World Uses
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Downloadable Resources
Free periodic table reference sheets for classrooms, study sessions, and laboratory use.