Protactinium

ACTINOID · GROUP None · PERIOD 7
91
Pa
Protactinium
231.04

Atomic Data

Atomic Number91
SymbolPa
Atomic Weight231.04 u
Density (STP)15.37 g/cm³
Melting Point1567.85 °C (1841 K)
Boiling Point4026.85 °C (4300 K)
Electronegativity1.5 (Pauling)
Electron Config.1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f2 6s2 6p6 6d1 7s2
Oxidation States+4, +5
Phase at STPSolid
CategoryActinoid
Period / Group7 / None
CAS Number7440-13-3

Electron Configuration

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[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2

Shell n Subshell Electrons Cumulative
K11s22
L22s24
L22p610
M33s212
M33p618
M33d1028
N44s230
N44p636
N44d1046
N44f1460
O55s262
O55p668
O55d1078
O55f280
P66s282
P66p688
P66d189
Q77s291
Total 91 91

Isotopes of Protactinium

Protactinium is monoisotopic — ²³¹Pa is its only naturally occurring stable isotope, accounting for 100% of all natural Protactinium.

Isotope Symbol Protons Neutrons Abundance Stability
Protactinium-231²³¹Pa91140traceStable

Abundance & Occurrence

Protactinium is present in Earth's crust at approximately trace amounts by mass and at approximately trace amounts by mass throughout the universe.

Earth's Crust (ppm by mass)

Protactinium
None ppm
Silicon (ref.)
277,000 ppm
Oxygen (ref.)
461,000 ppm

Universe (ppm by mass)

Protactinium
None ppm
Helium (ref.)
230,000 ppm
Hydrogen (ref.)
739,000 ppm

Discovery & History

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Safety & Handling

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Real-World Uses

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Downloadable Resources

Free periodic table reference sheets for classrooms, study sessions, and laboratory use.

Frequently Asked Questions

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