Hafnium

TRANSITION METAL · GROUP 4 · PERIOD 6

Hafnium

178.49

Atomic Data

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d² 6s²

Shell	n	Subshell	Electrons	Cumulative
K	1	1s	2	2
L	2	2s	2	4
L	2	2p	6	10
M	3	3s	2	12
M	3	3p	6	18
M	3	3d	10	28
N	4	4s	2	30
N	4	4p	6	36
N	4	4d	10	46
N	4	4f	14	60
O	5	5s	2	62
O	5	5p	6	68
O	5	5d	2	70
P	6	6s	2	72
Total			72	72

Hafnium has six naturally occurring stable isotopes. The most abundant is ¹⁸⁰Hf, comprising 35.08% of all naturally occurring Hafnium.

Isotope	Symbol	Protons	Neutrons	Abundance	Stability
Hafnium-174	¹⁷⁴Hf	72	102	0.16	Stable
Hafnium-176	¹⁷⁶Hf	72	104	5.26	Stable
Hafnium-177	¹⁷⁷Hf	72	105	18.6	Stable
Hafnium-178	¹⁷⁸Hf	72	106	27.28	Stable
Hafnium-179	¹⁷⁹Hf	72	107	13.62	Stable
Hafnium-180	¹⁸⁰Hf	72	108	35.08	Stable

Hafnium is present in Earth's crust at approximately 3 ppm by mass and at approximately 0.3 ppm by mass throughout the universe.

Hafnium

3 ppm

Silicon (ref.)

277,000 ppm

Oxygen (ref.)

461,000 ppm

Hafnium

0.3 ppm

Helium (ref.)

230,000 ppm

Hydrogen (ref.)

739,000 ppm

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