Gadolinium

LANTHANOID · GROUP None · PERIOD 6

Gadolinium

157.25

Atomic Data

[Xe] 4f⁷ 5d¹ 6s²

Shell	n	Subshell	Electrons	Cumulative
K	1	1s	2	2
L	2	2s	2	4
L	2	2p	6	10
M	3	3s	2	12
M	3	3p	6	18
M	3	3d	10	28
N	4	4s	2	30
N	4	4p	6	36
N	4	4d	10	46
N	4	4f	7	53
O	5	5s	2	55
O	5	5p	6	61
O	5	5d	1	62
P	6	6s	2	64
Total			64	64

Gadolinium has six naturally occurring stable isotopes. The most abundant is ¹⁵⁸Gd, comprising 24.84% of all naturally occurring Gadolinium.

Isotope	Symbol	Protons	Neutrons	Abundance	Stability
Gadolinium-154	¹⁵⁴Gd	64	90	2.18	Stable
Gadolinium-155	¹⁵⁵Gd	64	91	14.8	Stable
Gadolinium-156	¹⁵⁶Gd	64	92	20.47	Stable
Gadolinium-157	¹⁵⁷Gd	64	93	15.65	Stable
Gadolinium-158	¹⁵⁸Gd	64	94	24.84	Stable
Gadolinium-160	¹⁶⁰Gd	64	96	21.86	Stable

Gadolinium is present in Earth's crust at approximately 6.2 ppm by mass and at approximately 0.2 ppm by mass throughout the universe.

Gadolinium

6.2 ppm

Silicon (ref.)

277,000 ppm

Oxygen (ref.)

461,000 ppm

Gadolinium

0.2 ppm

Helium (ref.)

230,000 ppm

Hydrogen (ref.)

739,000 ppm

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